Moisture contacting the skin is the main culprit
of causing diaper rash. Wetness from urine increases skin friction,
raises the skin pH, makes the skin less cohesive, and makes it more
permeable. These effects combine to intensify the action of stool
enzymes, or other irritants that then inflame the skin. When the
outermost layer of skin has been damaged, it is easy for bacteria or
yeast to invade the inflamed skin. This makes the rash worse and less
responsive to usual treatments. Yeast or bacteria can complicate diaper
irritation, and can often be prevented by drying the skin before
putting on a new diaper, or using protective creams or ointments after
a stool (especially diarrhea), or at the first signs of redness or
irritation.
Almost all children in diapers will get some
diaper rashes, no matter how careful the parents are. Breastfed babies
get fewer diaper rashes than formula-fed babies. Diaper rashes
frequently appear when babies are taking antibiotics, having loose
stools, or have just started solid foods. Also, anytime a baby remains
in a soiled diaper for too long a rash can result.
Here are the most common types of diaper rash:
- Friction rash - This is the
most common form of diaper rash, and affects almost all babies at some
time. It is most common on areas where friction is most pronounced,
such as the inner thighs, or under the elastic of diapers that are too
tight. It comes and goes quickly, and responds well to frequent diaper
changes, airing out, and protective barriers.
- Irritant rash - This is most
conspicuous on the exposed areas, such as the round part of the
buttocks. It tends to spare skin folds and creases. It's generally the
result of contact with stool enzymes or irritants such as harsh soaps,
baby wipes, detergents, or topical medicines.
- Allergic rash - This may
occur in combination with an irritant rash or by itself. It is also
more common on exposed areas.
- Yeast Infection – A rash
that looks deep red and patchy could be from yeast growth. This is most
common when babies are taking antibiotics.
